Block propagation refers to the process of distributing newly mined blocks to all nodes in a blockchain network. When a miner successfully adds a new block to the chain, it needs to be shared with other nodes to ensure everyone has the latest version of the blockchain.

Efficient block propagation is crucial for maintaining network consensus and minimizing the risk of forks, which can occur when different parts of the network have differing views of the blockchain. Faster propagation helps ensure that transactions are confirmed more quickly, improving the overall efficiency of the network.

Several techniques can improve block propagation speeds. These include using specialized communication protocols, data compression, and ways to prioritize the transmission of critical information.

Optimizing this process helps enhance the scalability and performance of blockchain systems, allowing them to handle more users and transactions simultaneously. In summary, effective block propagation is vital for a smooth-running blockchain, enabling quick updates and consistent agreement among nodes in the network.