Block throughput refers to the number of transactions that a blockchain can process within a specific timeframe, typically measured in transactions per second (TPS). This metric is crucial for assessing the efficiency and scalability of a blockchain network.

A higher block throughput indicates that a network can handle more transactions at once, which is essential for supporting a growing user base and increasing transaction volumes. For example, Bitcoin has a lower throughput compared to Ethereum due to its longer block times and size limitations.

Factors affecting block throughput include block size, block time, consensus mechanisms, and network architecture. Improving throughput can enhance user experience by reducing wait times for transaction confirmations, especially during peak usage periods.

However, it’s important to balance throughput with decentralization and security, as increasing speed may sometimes compromise these aspects. Thus, achieving optimal block throughput involves navigating trade-offs to maintain a robust and efficient blockchain system.