Block validation refers to the process of checking whether a new block of transactions is legitimate before it gets added to the blockchain. This process ensures that all transactions within the block adhere to the network’s rules and protocols. Validators, who can be miners or stakers depending on the network type, verify several key aspects.

They check if the transactions are correctly signed, if there are no double spends, and if the block meets specific criteria, like size limits or timestamps. Once the block is validated, it can be appended to the existing chain, making the transactions within it official and immutable.

In proof-of-work systems, this often involves solving complex cryptographic puzzles, while in proof-of-stake systems, validators are chosen based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold and are willing to “stake” as collateral. In summary, block validation is crucial for maintaining the integrity and security of the blockchain, ensuring that all participants can trust the data recorded on it.