Blockchain Layer 2 solutions refer to protocols built on top of a primary blockchain to improve scalability and efficiency. They aim to address issues like high transaction costs and slow processing speeds that can arise when many users interact with a blockchain simultaneously.These solutions often involve off-chain processing, meaning that some transactions or computations are executed outside the main blockchain. This helps reduce the load on the main chain, allowing it to operate more efficiently.Common examples of Layer 2 solutions include payment channels, sidechains, and state channels. Payment channels like the Lightning Network allow users to conduct numerous transactions off the main chain, only settling the final balance on the primary blockchain. By reducing congestion and enabling faster transactions, Layer 2 solutions enhance user experience and make blockchain technology more viable for everyday applications. They play a crucial role in driving wider adoption and usability for decentralized systems.