Public Layer 2 solutions are enhancements built on top of existing blockchain networks to improve their scalability and efficiency. They enable faster transactions and lower fees while maintaining the security of the main blockchain.These solutions work by processing transactions off the main chain. Once a batch of transactions is completed, the results are recorded on the base layer. This approach reduces the load on the primary network, allowing it to handle more users and transactions.Examples of public Layer 2 solutions include technologies like state channels, sidechains, and rollups. Each method has its own way of managing and validating transactions, but the main goal is to make blockchain networks more accessible and faster for everyday use. By improving throughput and lowering costs, public Layer 2 solutions aim to address issues like congestion and high fees that can occur during peak usage times on major blockchains. This makes them an essential part of the ongoing development and adoption of blockchain technology.