The term “2nd layer” refers to solutions built on top of an existing blockchain to improve its scalability and efficiency. By offloading some transactions or processing from the main blockchain, these layers can help reduce congestion and increase transaction speeds.One popular example is the Lightning Network, which works with Bitcoin. It allows users to create off-chain payment channels that can handle multiple transactions without needing to record each one on the main blockchain. This can result in faster payments and lower fees.2nd-layer solutions can also enhance privacy and add features that are not possible on the base layer. Since they rely on the underlying blockchain for security, they benefit from its decentralization while offering more flexibility for specific tasks.Overall, 2nd-layer solutions play a crucial role in addressing scalability issues and improving user experiences without compromising the foundational aspects of blockchain technology.