Double-spend prevention refers to measures taken to ensure that a digital currency cannot be spent more than once. Because digital currency is essentially a digital file, it is theoretically possible for someone to copy that file and use it multiple times.To prevent this, systems utilize a consensus mechanism, where multiple participants validate transactions. For instance, in Bitcoin, transactions are grouped into blocks and added to a public ledger called the blockchain. Once a block is confirmed, transactions within it become immutable, meaning they cannot be altered or reversed.Nodes on the network independently verify transactions before they are added to the blockchain. If two transactions attempt to spend the same funds, the network only confirms one, effectively preventing double spending.Additionally, the use of time-stamping and cryptographic hashing ensures the integrity of transactions. As a result, this combination of consensus and cryptographic techniques helps maintain trust in the system, making double spending highly unlikely and securing users’ funds.