Ethereum Layer 1 solutions refer to the main blockchain protocol of Ethereum itself. This layer handles all transactions and smart contracts directly on the Ethereum network, ensuring security and decentralization. Layer 1 is designed to maintain the integrity of the system while processing transactions. It includes features like the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, introduced with Ethereum 2.0, which aims to improve scalability and energy efficiency. These solutions strive to enhance transaction speed and reduce costs by optimizing how the core Ethereum network operates. Layer 1 solutions are fundamental to the network’s stability and functionality, as any changes or improvements at this level can directly affect the performance of Ethereum as a whole. In summary, Layer 1 refers to the base layer of the Ethereum blockchain, focusing on security, decentralization, and improvements to performance.