A rollup mechanism is a layer 2 scaling solution designed to improve transaction throughput on a blockchain. It works by bundling a large number of transactions into a single group, or “rollup,” that is then submitted to the main blockchain. This significantly reduces the load on the base layer, enabling faster and cheaper transactions.There are two main types of rollups: optimistic and zk-rollups. Optimistic rollups assume transactions are valid and only check them if a fraud claim is made, which allows for higher speed but relies on the integrity of users. Zk-rollups, on the other hand, use cryptographic proofs to validate transactions off-chain and ensure they are accurate before submitting them, offering enhanced security.By implementing rollups, blockchains can handle a higher volume of transactions without compromising on security or decentralization. This scalability solution is essential for enhancing user experience and accommodating the growing demand for blockchain applications.