Layer 2 scaling solutions refer to technologies built on top of a blockchain to improve its transaction processing capacity. These solutions aim to address issues like network congestion and high fees that occur during peak usage.One common method involves creating a separate protocol that handles transactions off the main chain while still relying on its security. For instance, Lightning Network for Bitcoin and Optimistic Rollups for Ethereum are examples of Layer 2 solutions. By settling batches of transactions on the main chain periodically, they significantly reduce the load.Another aspect is increased speed. Since Layer 2 solutions process transactions independently, they can confirm them faster than the main chain would allow. This leads to a better user experience, particularly for applications requiring rapid transactions, like gaming or micropayments.Overall, Layer 2 scaling solutions provide a way to enhance scalability and efficiency without compromising the decentralized nature of the underlying blockchain.