A locking script is a piece of code in a transaction that sets conditions for how funds can be spent. It is a critical part of the scripting language used in systems like Bitcoin. Essentially, it defines the rules that must be followed to unlock and use the funds associated with a specific transaction.When someone wants to send coins, the locking script is attached to the coins. This script usually requires certain data, such as a digital signature from the sender’s private key, to authorize spending the funds. If the requirements outlined in the locking script aren’t met, the funds remain inaccessible, ensuring security against unauthorized access.Common types of locking scripts include Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash (P2PKH) and Pay-to-Script-Hash (P2SH), which serve different use cases. Overall, locking scripts play an essential role in managing how and when funds can be accessed, adding layers of security to financial transactions.