The Beacon Chain is a foundational layer of Ethereum 2.0, which aims to improve the network’s scalability and energy efficiency. It was launched in December 2020 and operates using a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism.As a separate blockchain, the Beacon Chain coordinates the network’s validators and manages the proof-of-stake protocol. Validators are responsible for creating new blocks and confirming transactions, and they must stake a certain amount of Ether to participate. This mechanism enhances security and reduces the energy consumption associated with traditional proof-of-work systems.The Beacon Chain also facilitates communication between different shards in Ethereum’s upcoming sharding model. Sharding will allow the network to process multiple transactions simultaneously, significantly improving transaction speed and capacity.Overall, the Beacon Chain plays a crucial role in Ethereum’s transition from a proof-of-work to a proof-of-stake system, paving the way for a more scalable, efficient, and environmentally friendly blockchain.