Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) refers to a system’s ability to continue functioning correctly even when some of its components fail or act maliciously. This concept originates from the Byzantine Generals’ Problem, where communication between parties can be unreliable or compromised.In decentralized networks, such as blockchain, BFT is crucial for maintaining consensus among nodes. If a portion of the network is corrupt or attempts to mislead others, the system should still reach an agreement on the valid state of the ledger. BFT mechanisms ensure that even if a certain percentage of nodes behave unexpectedly—whether due to bugs, hacks, or intentional deceit—the network can still validate transactions and secure itself against fraud. Various BFT algorithms like Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) have been developed, enabling networks to achieve consensus efficiently while tolerating a predefined number of faulty nodes. This characteristic enhances trust and reliability, contributing to the overall security and stability of decentralized applications.