Layered architecture refers to a design approach that organizes systems into separate layers, each with specific functions and responsibilities. This separation improves flexibility, scalability, and maintainability.In many blockchain systems, the architecture is commonly divided into layers. The first layer, often called Layer 1, includes the protocol itself, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. This layer is responsible for validating transactions, achieving consensus, and maintaining security.Above Layer 1, Layer 2 solutions, such as the Lightning Network or various sidechains, enhance the performance and scalability of the network. These layers can process transactions more quickly and at lower costs, addressing congestion on the main chain.This architecture allows developers to innovate and implement new features without altering the base layer. It also enables different layers to evolve independently, making it easier to adopt new technologies and improve user experiences.By structuring systems this way, layered architecture balances robustness with adaptability.

UK’s FCA to Allow Retail Investors Limited Access to Crypto ETNs
The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) will permit retail investors to access certain crypto asset-backed exchange-traded notes (cETNs) for the